They are also transferred from city to city frequently.Д¬itizens constantly complain about the quality of their meals, which they get in packages dispensed by machines found in public places, such as the City 17 train station. Often times groups of citizens share a single section of an apartment.Д¬itizens are granted the minimum of what they need to survive, such as a standardized diet and home. The penalty for Citizens who choose to disobey the Combine (or are simply in the wrong place at the wrong time) is summary execution, forced conscription into the Overwatch or Stalker transformation, conducted at Nova Prospekt. Citizens are also apparently forced to wear identical blue denim boiler suits, and women have their hair cut short. In an attempt to prevent tightly knit communities and organizations of any kind from forming, the Civil Protection authorities transfer Citizens from one city to another as many as three times a year. Civil Protection officers themselves are encouraged to undergo transhuman surgery to join the ranks of the Overwatch. Citizens are encouraged to join Civil Protection by promises of better rations. Comments made by Citizen onlookers seem to suggest this is a regular occurrence. As seen in Half-Life 2's first chapter, Point Insertion, Civil Protection officers sometimes stage raids on residential buildings to arrest and imprison alleged rebels and sympathizers. Civil Protection officers are feared for their brutality, as they often bully Citizens and administer beatings at the slightest provocation. Staffed by unmodified humans, as opposed to the transhuman Overwatch, Civil Protection acts as the Combine's police force and handles the affairs of policing and monitoring the populace in the cities. The Combine also established the Civil Protection force. The Combine also erected a Suppression Field, to prevent procreation. These new 'Citizens' of the Combine's empire are provided with accommodation, rations and protection from the Xen aliens that infest much of the world. The remaining population was rounded up into the still-standing cities, which were re-designated with numbers instead of names ( 14, 17, etc.). The hardness of the joints obtained tend to decrease along the weld section on application of additional heat due to the dissolution of precipitates.After a successful invasion, the Combine began to establish their dictatorship over the Earth, creating Overwatch Soldiers from human soldiers captured during the Seven Hour War. The optical micrographs of welded joints prepared with and without use of secondary heating are compared to visualize the increase in material flow volume.

An equation is established to estimate the material volume flow around the pin in one revolution. For AA7075-AA2014 (without secondary heating) strong О±-fiber is observed in the texture orientation distribution function plots. Texture analysis reveals dominance of B / B вЂѕ shear texture with sufficient C component in joints supplied with additional heating. The misorientation angle distribution is observed to shift towards random distribution for severe plastic deformation and additional heat supplied. The basic assertions on strain rate based upon texture analysis and grain boundary engineering are used to explain the nature of material behavior during the process.

For analysis, the transverse sections of dissimilar FSW joints of AA6061-AA7075 and AA7075-AA2014 prepared with and without the application of secondary heating keeping the tool pin embedded in the joint are used.

The material flow and evolution of textures during the process is studied by employing electron backscatter diffraction analysis. Stop tool action technique is used to appraise the material flow around the pin. In the present context, the secondary heating pertains to the additional heat provided using a gas torch other than the heat primarily produced due to the process itself. Present work aims to study the influence of secondary heating on material behavior during the friction stir welding (FSW) and examine it through the texture analysis.

Cs source textures heaters